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7 Nov 2013
Anemia Disease
Anemia or can be called a disease that can be caused by lack of blood in the body. Anemia caused by red blood cell count is low. Red blood cells called erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow that have the duty as a carrier of oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues. Red blood cells are a newly formed depends on natural hormone called eritropoitin (EPO) is formed and secreted by the kidney. A person with anemia are less able to carry oxygen in the blood, which then causes the body to feel tired easily, difficulty breathing, the work of the heart rate increased and a face that looks pale, it is part of the symptoms of anemia.
Blood (red blood cells) can be calculated or estimated amount by using the hematocrit or hemoglobin (Hb). But to know the number of red blood cells required examination every 1 to 3 months and see if there is a dependency of the use of drugs, if in the examination and treatment of other ingredients contained in the red blood cells it will affect hemoglobin (Hb) to fall below normal limits .
Anemia or lack of blood and oxygen supply or shortage of red blood cells, has some kind of disease and type of anemia are:
Based on the type and cause of anemia
1. Nutritional Anemia
Nutritional Anemia commonly occurs due to deficiency of nutrients needed by the body to form and produce red blood cells. This is known as anemia or red blood cell deficiency anemia caused by a lack of fulfillment of nutrients in the body such as iron, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6. Lack source of nutrients is what makes a person prone to anemia.
2. Non Nutritional Anemia
Non-nutritional anemia is anemia or lack of blood due to bleeding caused such injury, menstrual menstrual bleed excessively. There is also other causes of non-nutritional anemia also affects a person has anemia in those categories as there are or have a history of blood that is a genetic disease such as hemophilia, thalassemia is a genetic disease or condition can be worsened anemia.
Type - The type of anemia, namely:
1. Microcytic anemia, hipokrom eg defesiensi iron anemia and thalassemia, red blood cells containing hemoglobin small amount that is less than normal. Deficiency Anemia, because erythrocyte maturation factor deficiency (iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, protein, pyridoxine, erythropoietin, etc.).
2. Normocytic anemia, normokrom eg after acute blood loss, is the size and shape of red blood cells contain hemoglobin to normal and normal amounts
3. Macrocytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia example, is the size of red blood cells are larger than normal but normal hemoglobin concentration.
4. Hemolytic anemia, occurs due to destruction (hemolysis) of erythrocytes is excessive.
It is divided into two factors:
a. Factors intracellular
Talassemia example, hemoglobinopatia (talassemia HBe, sickle cell anemia), congenital sferositos, erythrocyte enzyme deficiency (G-6PD, pyruvate kinase, glutathione reductase).
b. Factors extracellular
For example intoxication, infections (malaria), immunological (blood group incompatibility, hemolytic reaction to blood transfusion).
5. Aplastic Anemia, caused by the cessation of the manufacture of blood cells by the bone marrow. Diagnosis of anemia should be combined morphological and etiological considerations.
The adverse effects of anemia resulted in 2 things:
a. Anemia due to decreased red blood cell quality
Anemia caused by red blood cell degradation will result in the quality of the formation of red blood cells when red blood cells are too small (microcytic) or too large (macrocytic). Quality anemia can also be disturbed if there is interference in the formation of hemoglobin. This will cause an excessively high concentration of hemoglobin (hyperchromic) or excessively low (hypochromic).
b. Anemia due to lysis or hemorrhage
Anemia caused by sudden lysis associated with a reduction in the total number of red blood cells in the circulation. Red blood cells normally live for about 120 days. Destruction or loss of red blood cells that occurs before the 100 days is not normal.
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